The Excel Dynamic Array SORTBY function sorts the contents of a range based on the values from another range. The range used to sort does not need to appear in results.  As with the Sort function the results are in range independent of source data to be sorted.

The file at the link below has several hands-on exercises for both the Sort and the Sortby Dynamic Array functions.  See the see tabs for Sortby.

Sort-and-Sortby.xlsx